{"id":4427,"date":"2023-11-29T18:28:44","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T18:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=4427"},"modified":"2023-11-29T22:06:57","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T22:06:57","slug":"cac-vi-du-ve-tu-duy-phan-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cac-vi-du-ve-tu-duy-phan-bien.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"-vi-du-ve-tu-duy-phan-bien\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy logic ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 B\u1ea1n A n\u00f3i: \u201c3\u00d73=12\u201d, b\u1ea1n B \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: \u201cSai, 3\u00d73=9\u201d. L\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 B\u1ea1n A k\u1ec3 \u201cB l\u00e0 1 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi\u201d, B\u1ea1n C d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cB l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 d\u1ee1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u2026.\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 C c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n B.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 VD li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng ca b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 xem x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp ngo\u00e0i t\u00f2a \u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty (ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd sau n\u00e0y).<\/li>\n<li><i class=\"fa fa-check\"><\/i>\u00a0Trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb lu\u1eadt) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi).\u00a0N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 VD kh\u00e1c:<\/h3>\n<h4>Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h4>\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u00f3p \u00fd mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<h4>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty<\/h4>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<h4>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u00a0duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/h4>\n<p>T\u01b0\u00a0duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0110\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/h4>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n nhanh m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/h4>\n<p>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t VD kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p,\u00a0nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n T\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy logic ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 sai. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 sau: \u2013 B\u1ea1n A n\u00f3i: \u201c3\u00d73=12\u201d, b\u1ea1n B [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4427"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4427\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}