{"id":47906,"date":"2023-12-16T20:40:44","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T20:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-dunning-kruger-tu-tin-hay-ao-tuong-suc-manh-trong-cong-viec.html"},"modified":"2023-12-16T20:40:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T20:40:44","slug":"hieu-ung-dunning-kruger-tu-tin-hay-ao-tuong-suc-manh-trong-cong-viec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-dunning-kruger-tu-tin-hay-ao-tuong-suc-manh-trong-cong-viec.html","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Dunning Kruger: T\u1ef1 Tin Hay \u201c\u1ea2o T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh\u201d Trong C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng xa v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh trang t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u00f4n ba\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger<\/strong>. T\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger (Dunning-Kruger effect<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n (illusory superiority), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc David Dunning v\u00e0 Justin Kruger. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, logic, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfu h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tham gia. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o\/hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\/h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\n
\"hi\u1ec7u\"hi\u1ec7u
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Dunning v\u00e0 Kruger \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n
  • Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ef1c \u0111ao to b\u00faa l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong khi l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 nghe chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u, b\u00e0n t\u00e1n quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch hay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n

    Hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ch\u1ecdc m\u00f3t\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 tin r\u00f3t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o, v.v.<\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ec chi\u1ebft, h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng b\u1ed1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec (Know-nothing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 0 tr\u00f2n tr\u0129nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 \u2013 \u0110\u1ec9nh cao s\u1ef1 ngu ng\u1ed1c (Peak of Mount Stupid)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngu ng\u1ed1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 \u2013 Thung l\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng (Valley of Despairs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 \u2013 S\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (Slope of Enlightenment)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c trong th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp thu, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201cv\u00eanh m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5 \u2013 Cao nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Plateau of Sustainability)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean gia m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

    \n
    C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 cao n\u00e0y.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e9. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ti v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 0 (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n sau v\u00e0i ba kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n thi \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ec9? (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nghe gi\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p. B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nghe podcast, xem phim, luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    L<\/strong>\u1ee3i \u00edch khi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Dunning Kruger Effect<\/strong> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u201c\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb g\u00e1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t sau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n
    • Khi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111i qua \u201cPeak of Mount Stupid\u201d. V\u1eady n\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
    • Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger m\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n to n\u00f3i l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nghe l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf \u201c\u0110\u1ec9nh cao s\u1ef1 ngu ng\u1ed1c\u201d, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u1edd m\u1eaft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, qua Dunning Kruger effect<\/strong> m\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khoe m\u1ebd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea9n ng\u1ed1c, ta n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t generalist \u2013 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng qua loa, ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t specialist \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00ecm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong tri th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i sai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1p nghi\u00eang Pisa \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3 sau khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

      Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ea7n \u201cmu\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t\u201dv\u00ec nh\u1ee1 hu\u00eanh hoang v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sai kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y hay c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00ec ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      \n
      \"c\u00e1ch\"c\u00e1ch
      C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau.<\/p>\n

      L\u1eafng nghe, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1edd h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

      R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00f3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh nh\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

      Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thu n\u1ea1p c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao trong d\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 duy m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u00ean gia\u201d. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u00eanh hoang?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay \u201cc\u00e3i c\u00f9n\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u201cl\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u00eam v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0 ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

      C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd sai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u1ea1n th\u00ec bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em>\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u1ea1n l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>\u201d. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e2u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nh\u00e9<\/em>\u201d s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning Kruger<\/strong>, tho\u1ea1t nghe th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

      Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ccao nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d.<\/p>\n

      Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Masterskills \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng xa v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh trang t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[428],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47906"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47906\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}