{"id":50036,"date":"2023-12-17T05:51:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-17T05:51:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/top-cau-hoi-phong-van-python-pho-bien-nhat.html"},"modified":"2023-12-17T05:51:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-17T05:51:08","slug":"top-cau-hoi-phong-van-python-pho-bien-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/top-cau-hoi-phong-van-python-pho-bien-nhat.html","title":{"rendered":"Top C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n Python Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"col\">\n<p>Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, Python thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi \u0111i xin vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, Masterskills s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <strong>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-python-cho-fresher\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python cho fresher\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-python-la-gi-l\u1ee3i-ich-c\u1ee7a-vi\u1ec7c-s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng-python\"><strong>1. Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Python?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 <strong>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch b\u1eadc cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: Python s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1edbn: Python \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: Python c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Windows, macOS v\u00e0 Linux.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: Python cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C ho\u1eb7c C++ cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-ngon-ng\u1eef-dynamically-typed-language-la-gi\"><strong>2. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Dynamically Typed Language l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Dynamically Typed Language, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u Typed l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Typed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn type-checking hay d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3u\u201d trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef strongly-typed nh\u01b0 Python, \u201c1\u201d + 2 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u201ctype-coercion\u201d (chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef weakly-typed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Javascript, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201c12\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Type-checking c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2013<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u0129nh \u2013 Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh theo t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c type-checking \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Dynamically Typed Language.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-pep-8-la-gi-va-t\u1ea1i-sao-no-quan-tr\u1ecdng\"><strong>3. PEP 8 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>PEP l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Python Enhancement Proposal, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn Python. PEP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Python ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho Python ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. PEP 8 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng cho M\u00e3 Python. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf Python \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/12\/pep-8-1024x683-1.jpeg\" alt=\"c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n python\" class=\"wp-image-38008\" width=\"500\" title=\"pep-8-1024x683-1\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PEP 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-lists-va-tuples-la-gi-phan-bi\u1ec7t-chung\"><strong>4. Lists v\u00e0 Tuples l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Lists v\u00e0 Tuples \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Python. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u1ea3 hai chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Lists \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng [\u2018sara\u2019, 6, 0,19], trong khi Tuples \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n (\u2018ansh\u2019, 5, 0,97).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong khi Lists c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Tuples l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Lists c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1ed1i th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft khi \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng Tuples kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau tr\u00ean Python IDLE \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>my_tuple = ('sara', 6, 5, 0.97)\n\nmy_list = ['sara', 6, 5, 0.97]\n\nprint(my_tuple[0]) \u00a0 \u00a0 # output =&gt; 'sara'\n\nprint(my_list[0]) \u00a0 \u00a0 # output =&gt; 'sara'\n\nmy_tuple[0] = 'ansh'\u00a0 \u00a0 # modifying tuple =&gt; throws an error\n\nmy_list[0] = 'ansh'\u00a0 \u00a0 # modifying list =&gt; list modified\n\nprint(my_tuple[0]) \u00a0 \u00a0 # output =&gt; 'sara'\n\nprint(my_list[0]) \u00a0 \u00a0 # output =&gt; 'ansh'<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-b\u1ea1n-hi\u1ec3u-gi-v\u1ec1-packages-va-modules-trong-python\"><strong>5. B\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Packages v\u00e0 Modules trong Python?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Packages Python v\u00e0 Modules Python l\u00e0 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4-\u0111un trong Python. M\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u2013<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi logic gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i: C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi: C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p Python c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng .py v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00e0m, l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng from foo import bar.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c Packages cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m. V\u00ec, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c, theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c Packages gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ean m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Package r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00f3, t\u00ean th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00ean Package. Nh\u1eadp m\u00f4-\u0111un ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un t\u1eeb Package n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ean Package l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 cho t\u00ean m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-b\u1ea1n-hi\u1ec3u-gi-v\u1ec1-break-pass-va-continue-trong-python\"><strong>6. B\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Break, Pass v\u00e0 Continue trong Python?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Break: C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh break \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p s\u1edbm. Khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n sang c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp theo b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<li>Continue: C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Continue l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>Pass: C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Pass \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u00e3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-python-cho-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-co-kinh-nghi\u1ec7m\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy x\u1eed l\u00fd thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-memory-d\u01b0\u1ee3c-qu\u1ea3n-ly-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao-trong-python\"><strong>7. Memory \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Python?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Memory trong Python \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch Python. Python s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Memory. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa, tr\u00ecnh thu gom r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Python s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Memory do \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-namesMasterskillss-trong-python-la-gi-t\u1ea1i-sao-l\u1ea1i-s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng-chung\"><strong>8. NamesMasterskillss trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Trong Python, NamesMasterskillss l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. NamesMasterskillss gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1c nhau. Python cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i NamesMasterskillss kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m NamesMasterskillss to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, NamesMasterskillss c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 NamesMasterskillss t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-scope-resolution-trong-python-la-gi\"><strong>9. Scope Resolution trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Scope Resolution \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp trong Python. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, Python s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u201cLEGB\u201d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00e8m theo: C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u00e8m theo, t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p: T\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a Python.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Scope Resolution l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/12\/scope-resolution.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n python\" class=\"wp-image-38009\" title=\"scope-resolution\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Scope Resolution r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong Python<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-phan-bi\u1ec7t-xrange-va-range-trong-python\"><strong>10. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Xrange v\u00e0 Range trong Python<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Trong Python 2, xrange v\u00e0 range l\u00e0 hai h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Xrange tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Range tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chu\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Trong Python 3, xrange \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xrange c\u1ee7a Python 2, c\u00f2n range th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-11-cach-xoa-m\u1ed9t-t\u1ec7p-file-trong-python-la-gi\"><strong>11. C\u00e1ch x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p (file) trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p trong Python, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m os.remove() ho\u1eb7c os.unlink() t\u1eeb m\u00f4-\u0111un os. C\u00e1c h\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ec7p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00f3a t\u1ec7p kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import os\n\nfile_path = 'path\/to\/file.txt'\n\nif os.path.exists(file_path):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0os.remove(file_path)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"File deleted successfully.\")\n\nelse:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"File does not exist.\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 FileNotFoundError n\u1ebfu t\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0m split() v\u00e0 join() th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-12-hay-gi\u1ea3i-thich-cac-ch\u1ee9c-nang-split-va-join-trong-python\"><strong>12. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Split() v\u00e0 Join() trong Python<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m split() \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m join() \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-python-oops\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python OOPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-13-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-t\u1ea1o-m\u1ed9t-l\u1edbp-class-trong-python\"><strong>13. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp (class) trong Python?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trong Python, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a l\u1edbp theo sau l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p>class MyClass:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Class attributes and methods go here\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pass<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-14-tinh-k\u1ebf-th\u1eeba-ho\u1ea1t-d\u1ed9ng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao-trong-python-hay-gi\u1ea3i-thich-b\u1eb1ng-m\u1ed9t-vi-d\u1ee5\"><strong>14. T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Python? H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. Trong Python, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n sau t\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.name = name\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def speak(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Animal speaks\")\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self, name):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0super().__init__(name)\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def speak(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(\"Dog barks\")\n\ndog = Dog(\"Buddy\")\n\ndog.speak()\u00a0 # Output: \"Dog barks\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/12\/tinh-ke-thua-1024x819-1.jpeg\" alt=\"cau hoi phong van python\" class=\"wp-image-38010\" width=\"500\" title=\"tinh-ke-thua-1024x819-1\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong Python<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, l\u1edbp Dog k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp Animal. N\u00f3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh name v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c speak(). L\u1edbp Dog c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u0111\u00e8 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-15-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-truy-c\u1eadp-cac-thanh-vien-cha-m\u1eb9-parent-members-trong-l\u1edbp-con-child-class\"><strong>15. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cha m\u1eb9 (parent members) trong l\u1edbp con (child class)?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Trong Python, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c parent members (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c) trong m\u1ed9t child class \u2013 l\u1edbp con b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m super(). H\u00e0m super() tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp parent, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Parent:\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0self.parent_attribute = \"Parent attribute\"\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def __init__(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0super().__init__()\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0def access_parent_attribute(self):\n\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print(self.parent_attribute)\n\nchild = Child()\n\nchild.access_parent_attribute()\u00a0 # Output: \"Parent attribute\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, l\u1edbp child k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp parent. L\u1edbp child c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh parent_attribute c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp parent b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m super().<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-16-phan-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1eefa-modifiers-m\u1edbi-va-override-modifiers\"><strong>16. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa modifiers m\u1edbi v\u00e0 override modifiers\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Trong Python, modifiers v\u00e0 override modifiers c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ghi \u0111\u00e8 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n<p>Modifiers: Modifiers \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp parent m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c Modifiers \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh trang tr\u00ed @property, @classmethod ho\u1eb7c @staticmethod. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n<p>Override modifiers: Override modifiers \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi \u0111\u00e8 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean trong l\u1edbp con, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00e1c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u1edbp con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp con.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-k\u1ebft-lu\u1eadn\"><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eady l\u00e0 Masterskills \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u top c\u00e1c <strong>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Python<\/strong> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. Masterskills c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Python m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gh\u00e9 Blog c\u1ee7a Masterskills \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, Python thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi \u0111i xin vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python, b\u1ea1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50036"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50036\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}