{"id":5307,"date":"2023-11-29T23:33:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T23:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5307"},"modified":"2023-11-29T17:07:27","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T17:07:27","slug":"ung-dung-pdca-trong-quan-ly-phat-trien-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ung-dung-pdca-trong-quan-ly-phat-trien-doanh-nghiep.html","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng PDCA trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"

PH\u1ea6N 1: T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 PDCA<\/h1>\n

V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (PDCA cycle) do W.E. Deming (1900-1993) \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950. Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (Plan-Do-Check-Act) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

PDCA<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n l\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nghi\u00eang (theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3), n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y: Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

PDCA<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (ISO 9001; ISO 14001\u2026).<\/p>\n

PDCA<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n l\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nghi\u00eang (theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3), n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y: Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

PDCA<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (ISO 9001; ISO 14001\u2026).<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, th\u00ec l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA; vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Theo chu tr\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chu tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean theo h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

PDCA g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/h2>\n

(P) Plan (K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3. T\u00ecm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

(D) Do (Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf (\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro).<\/p>\n

(C) Check (Ki\u1ec3m tra)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Li\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(A) Action (H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu \u00edch, h\u00e3y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u00f3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho PDCA:<\/h2>\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (Problem Solving)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. PDCA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh (Process Improvement)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PDCA nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N 2: C\u00c1C GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N C\u1ee6A V\u00d2NG TR\u00d2N PDCA<\/h1>\n

P (Plan): L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/h2>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 5 Whys (5 l\u00fd do) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra. \u00dd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00e0, b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5 Whys?<\/p>\n

1\/ T\u1ea1i sao doanh s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng _B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Sale l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

2\/ T\u1ea1i sao _ B\u1edfi v\u00ec danh s\u00e1ch Lead \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

3\/ T\u1ea1i sao _ B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Marketing \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c lead t\u1eeb Affiliate<\/p>\n

4\/ T\u1ea1i sao _ B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Affiliate c\u0169<\/p>\n

5\/ T\u1ea1i sao _C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c Affiliate \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u l\u00ean l\u00ean 15% M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh\u2026) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, giao cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Porter\u2019s Five Forces<\/h3>\n

t\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 5 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1eafp nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\u2026 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafp ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats)<\/h3>\n

T\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh, y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd v\u00ec suy cho c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1edbi ph\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

D (Do): \u0110\u01b0a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/h2>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hay ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u1eady n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh th\u00ec k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

C (Check): D\u1ef1a theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u00ea\u0323n.<\/h2>\n

Trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\/ sai\/ thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\/gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

A (Act): Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/h2>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 hai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft:<\/h2>\n

V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u00e3y th\u1eed v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ngay nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u00f3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N 3: HO\u1ea0CH \u0110\u1ecaNH CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C DOANH NGHI\u1ec6P C\u00d9NG PDCA<\/h1>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ty s\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch kinh doanh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sinh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft song song hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba s\u1edbm c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1eeba nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, m\u00e0i gi\u0169a, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 l\u00e0 do xa d\u1eddi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lung t\u00fang khi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nhau trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 b\u1ecb xao nh\u00e3ng.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e0ng mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PDCA \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 huy h\u00ecnh dung trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1\u00a0What \u2013 Why \u2013 How,<\/strong>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eeba th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA<\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty, to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho PDCA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N 4: NH\u00c2N TH\u1ee8C C\u0102N B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ea6Y \u0110\u1ee6 V\u1ec0 PDCA<\/h1>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 PDCA<\/h2>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 PDCA hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e2u ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kh\u00e2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00e2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh hay ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ec3m tra. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ec1 PDCA<\/h2>\n

M\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, trong kh\u00e2u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (Do) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (Plan), th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (Do), r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra (Check) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (Act). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u1ecf cho m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o l\u00e0m, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 thay v\u00ec c\u1ee9 h\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau khi l\u00e0m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 PDCA<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA. T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u trong chu tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA ph\u1ee5. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh con l\u00e0\u00a0Plan \u2013 Do \u2013 Check \u2013 Act<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho chu tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u00edt sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ngay trong t\u1eebng kh\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc PDCA th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt sai s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd PDCA v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eebng kh\u00e2u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cl\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u1eebng chu tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

PH\u1ea6N 5: \u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 \u0110\u1ec2 TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N CHU TR\u00ccNH PDCA<\/h1>\n

PDCA l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh , tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafn trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

Plan:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Do<\/strong>: Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Check:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, ai l\u00e0m \u00edt vi\u1ec7c, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o xong, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 xong, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Action:<\/strong>\u00a0ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PH\u1ea6N 1: T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 PDCA V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (PDCA cycle) do W.E. Deming (1900-1993) \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950. Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (Plan-Do-Check-Act) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,222],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5307"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5307\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}