{"id":5319,"date":"2023-11-29T12:03:44","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T12:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5319"},"modified":"2023-11-30T02:13:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T02:13:05","slug":"5-cong-cu-trong-quan-ly-chat-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/5-cong-cu-trong-quan-ly-chat-luong.html","title":{"rendered":"5 C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201c5 Core Tools PDF\u201d bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FMEA (Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis): Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li>SPC (Statistical Process Control): Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/li>\n<li>MSA (Measurement System Analysis): Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning): Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>PPAP (Production Part Approval Process): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U 5 CORE TOOLS PDF<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>5 Core Tools PDF l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (APQP)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a APQP l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong APQP l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>(FMEA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u1ed7i sai g\u00e2y ra. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 FMEA t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>FMEA \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 FMEA \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cFMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 FMEA x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d (DFEMA v\u00e0 PFMEA).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh trong FMEA l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: Cho th\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: Cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i sau khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro (RPN) cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng (MSA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>MSA xem x\u00e9t n\u0103m tham s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ec7ch<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>MSA k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 khoan dung\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ed7i cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (SPC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. SPC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u do s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Hai v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SPC l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u00ecnh chu\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi (t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u201cchu\u00f4ng\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a SPC. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (PPAP)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>PPAP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. PPAP t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 PPAP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201c5 Core Tools PDF\u201d bao g\u1ed3m: FMEA (Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis): Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. SPC (Statistical Process Control): Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,227],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}