{"id":5327,"date":"2023-11-30T03:42:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T03:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5327"},"modified":"2023-12-19T10:02:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T03:02:50","slug":"twi-bi-quyet-cho-su-thanh-cong-cua-nhat-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/twi-bi-quyet-cho-su-thanh-cong-cua-nhat-ban.html","title":{"rendered":"TWI \u2013 B\u00ed quy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>B\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ba Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a TWI (Training Within Industry Program) do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh (M\u1ef9) \u0111em v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 suy s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1937.<\/h6>\n<p>Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn 1952. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t \u1edf Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 10% so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1935-1937. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tr\u00e0n lan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh. V\u00e0i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng MacArthur quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi TWI \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TWI \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eadc trung v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. TWI. Inc do \u00f4ng Lowell MMasterskillsn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TWI.Inc bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u201c<em>t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u2013 multiplier effect<\/em>\u201d. \u00d4ng MMasterskillsn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho TWI trong ti\u1ec3u bang Northern Ohio. \u00d4ng MMasterskillsn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n 3 chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh TWI.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3372\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3372\"><\/figure>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia TWI M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt, B\u1ed9 Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra \u201c<em>Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u TWI<\/em>\u201d. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7n JIT (JIT Institute) do V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO) \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Nh\u00f3m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba b\u1ed9 c\u1ea9m nang \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o TWI v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 10 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng TWI. Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 500 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean cho JIT v\u00e0 70 cho JMT. Theo s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a TWI.Inc th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ed9 Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi TWI.Inc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh qui, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u2013 Master Institutes. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cJ\u201d: JIT, JMT v\u00e0 JRT. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb do m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb: tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh TWI cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ed9 Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt l\u1eadp ra JEPA (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh TWI v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. JEPA kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 1991, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean TWI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 2,450 v\u00e0 2,490, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 66.700 cho 1990 v\u00e0 64.000 cho 1991. Qua 50 n\u0103m, con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd TWI t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 30.000.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. JMT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn KAIZEN t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u00f3p \u00fd (Kaizen Suggestion System \u2013 KSS).<\/p>\n<p>Toyota l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TWI. M\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Toyota \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh TWI. \u00d4ng Masao Nemoto, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Toyoda Gosei v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Toyota cho bi\u1ebft TWI \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n TPS \u2013Toyota Production System. \u00d4ng Masao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a TWI. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cvi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7n TWI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2026 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean n\u00e0y (1950-1960) l\u00e0 l\u00fac Toyota \u0111ang \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota (TPS). L\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean TWI, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Toyota cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean do t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 huy. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sau c\u00e1i kia\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90, h\u00e3ng Canon.Inc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 44.000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 1.200 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean TWI. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989 S\u1edf T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Nh\u1eadt d\u00f9ng TWI trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a TWI n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0<\/em><em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em><strong><em>trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p (<\/em><\/strong><em>within industry<\/em><strong><em>)<\/em><\/strong><em>, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0<\/em><em>kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung\u00a0<\/em><em>c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Doanh (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, hay\u00a0<\/em><strong><em>ngo\u00e0i doanh\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ba Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a TWI (Training Within Industry Program) do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh (M\u1ef9) \u0111em v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1947, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 suy s\u1ee5p [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,226],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5327"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5327"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5327\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}