{"id":5336,"date":"2023-11-29T07:09:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5336"},"modified":"2023-12-21T11:01:25","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T04:01:25","slug":"huong-dan-cong-viec-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/huong-dan-cong-viec-hieu-qua.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0:\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u00f4i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o xong th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i qua c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c; C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n n\u00ean\u2026kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd: N\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (Training Within Industry -TWI) , Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950,\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn, Lean Manufacturing System hay Toyota Production System. TWI g\u1ed3m 3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n: Job Instruction (JI) \u2013 Job Methods (JM) \u2013 Job Relations (JR).<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Job Instruction) \u2013 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, \u00edt tai n\u1ea1n, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
  • Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb cao \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

    <\/figure>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (5W1H),\u00a0L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong>, Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\u2026B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    C\u00f3 4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • N\u00f3i<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng, th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
    • Cho xem m\u1eabu<\/strong>: Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u201cb\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc thao t\u00e1c l\u00e0m\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
    • Minh h\u1ecda<\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cho xem m\u1eabu, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u00e8m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o\u2026) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p<\/strong>:\u00a0H\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: L\u00e0m th\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Follow up<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 follow-up.<\/p>\n

      <\/figure>\n

      H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>: L\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00e9m, tai n\u1ea1n, tr\u1ec5 h\u1ea1n, l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n.\u00a0B\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ecdn 1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung: B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng, C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh, L\u00fd do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh HOW<\/strong><\/td>\nL\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng), an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/td>\nB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau cho m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:C\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu\u2026?\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu\u2026?T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n\u2026?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng WHAT<\/strong><\/td>\nL\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi x\u1ea3y ra gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\nB\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:C\u00f4ng<\/strong>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c<\/strong>\u00a0g\u00ec<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ea7n<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0m<\/strong>?<\/strong>R\u00e0 so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      L\u00fd do WHY<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00eau ra l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. L\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec:\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u g\u00ec c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng?\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n n\u00e0o?T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ra sao: ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng\u2026?N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t tinh g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0 Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0:\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u00f4i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o xong th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i qua c\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,226],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5336"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5336\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}