{"id":5493,"date":"2023-11-29T10:24:38","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T10:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5493"},"modified":"2023-11-29T19:29:43","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T19:29:43","slug":"lam-nao-de-tinh-gon-case-study-cua-toyota-ve-san-xuat-tinh-gon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/lam-nao-de-tinh-gon-case-study-cua-toyota-ve-san-xuat-tinh-gon.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tinh g\u1ecdn? Case study c\u1ee7a Toyota v\u1ec1 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Manufacturing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/b><\/h1>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Manufacturing)<\/em>
\nNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tinh g\u1ecdn do Toyota ti\u00ean phong bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u00fang l\u00fac\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p \u201ckhi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d; t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 jidoka); gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00f4ng qua \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u0103m 1990 c\u1ee7a The Machine That Changed the World, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a MIT v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Toyota. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tinh g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1edbi nay, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Lean Manufacturing<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, T\u01b0 duy tinh g\u1ecdn: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996, \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tinh g\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, d\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Lean.<\/p>\n

1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng – mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

2. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. T\u01b0 duy tinh g\u1ecdn khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3. T\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb t\u1eeb khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi giao h\u00e0ng. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

4. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o.<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi khi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o thay v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y.
\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (MRP). V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y, nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi MRP, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u. K\u00e9o d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

5. Theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kaizen.<\/strong><\/b>
\nS\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/h5>\n

8 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. 7 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft;<\/li>\n
  • H\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho d\u01b0 th\u1eeba;<\/li>\n
  • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c;<\/li>\n
  • Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i;<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m;<\/li>\n
  • Gia c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; v\u00e0<\/li>\n
  • Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ee9 8 m\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tinh g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m: l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho Lean Manufacturing<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

    S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 Lean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m:
    \n1. Heijunka<\/strong><\/b>:<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    San b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    2. 5S:<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

    M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. 5S nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

    3. Kanban<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    M\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9ng r\u1ed7ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Kanban<\/em><\/p>\n

    4. Jidoka<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

    5. Andon<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c quan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.
    \n\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    6. Poka-yoke<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra khi m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    7. Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3:<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

    M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Lean so v\u1edbi Six sigma<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Six Sigma<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Lean, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u00edt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea3 Lean v\u00e0 Six Sigma \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, khi Lean cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, Six Sigma cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Lean Six Sigma<\/b>.<\/p>\n

    L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

    S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

    N\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    Khi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

    \u00cdt l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n gi\u00fap cho m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    T\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/b>:<\/h5>\n

    V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    [Case study] Toyoto v\u1edbi Lean Manufacturing<\/strong><\/b><\/h1>\n

    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

    Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Lean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Toyota Corporation. Trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u1ed1n qu\u00fd \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: Sakichi Toyoda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Toyoda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1902; Kiichiro Toyoda, con trai c\u1ee7a Sakichi Toyoda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1936 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950; Eiji Toyoda, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn 1981 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1994; v\u00e0 Taiichi Ohno, Cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kanban.<\/p>\n

    C\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

    Ban \u0111\u1ea7u Lean Manufacturing \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac\u201d, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, con trai \u00f4ng Kiichiro Toyoda v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Taiichi Ohno.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Toyota \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a W. Edwards Deming v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Henry Ford. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Ford tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi mua s\u1eafm trong si\u00eau th\u1ecb, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng; khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, anh ta l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ly v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ly kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Toyota nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay), m\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t si\u00eau th\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Toyota (do Ohno d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ford Motor Company \u1edf Michigan, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ford l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafm. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kinh h\u00e3i b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Piggly Wiggly, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch si\u00eau th\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua. Toyota \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Piggly Wiggly b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea Just-in-Time (JIT) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n nay<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Trong khi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9, sau khi quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Toyota, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1eb1m linh ho\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Just-in-time, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota (TPS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Toyota.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota (TPS)<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a TPS l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i (muri) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (mura), v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed (muda). Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch su\u00f4n s\u1ebb; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra \u201cmura\u201d (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n). C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong TPS:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
    2. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c)<\/li>\n
    3. Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i (c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c)<\/li>\n
    4. V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/li>\n
    5. T\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/li>\n
    6. H\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4)<\/li>\n
    7. Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda (l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf muda \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a TPS b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t trong ba c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong TPS, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn\u200b\u200b\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u mura ho\u1eb7c muri nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u00f9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Toyota Motors<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Toyota, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Toyota v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u01b0 sau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

      1. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n
        \n
      • Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
      • Kaizen: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n
          \n
        • T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng: T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhau, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin l\u1eabn nhau.)<\/li>\n
        • L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, chia s\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n

          C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ebft l\u00fd d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          4. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eeba<\/li>\n
          • San l\u1ea5p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. (L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 r\u00f9a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecf r\u1eebng.)<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n
          • \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/li>\n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea9n<\/li>\n
          • Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

            5. T\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n
              \n
            • Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ed1ng theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tu\u00e2n theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Toyota \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb kh\u0103n kh\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cam ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con tin c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u00f3i quen gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btrong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              6. C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Lean<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n

              Chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh:\u00a0\u0110\u00fang l\u00fac v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/b>. Hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota.\u00a0AWDJust-in-time<\/em>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (\u201cJidoka<\/em>\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Just-in-time b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

              Hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0(\u201cShojinka\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t minh (\u201csoikufu\u201d), ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a b\u1ed1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Toyota \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

                \n
              • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kanban \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Just-in-time.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/li>\n
              • R\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n
              • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec1n, d\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
              • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n
              • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ty-ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0<\/strong><\/b>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TPS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a TPS trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Toyota Lean Manufacturing<\/em><\/p>\n

                M\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

                Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a TPS. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 giao h\u00e0ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

                Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0TPS<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0Just- in-time<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Jidoka<\/strong><\/b>.<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Juts-in-time<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0(JIT): t\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                • Jidoka<\/strong><\/b>: C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Jidoka v\u1edbi Automation. Jidoka l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng song song v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n Automation l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n JIT v\u00e0 Jidoka ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1, ph\u00e1t huy tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u00a0Andon System, Poka-Yoke, 5 WHY, 5S,\u2026<\/p>\n

                  M\u00f3ng nh\u00e0<\/strong><\/b><\/h5>\n

                  Trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a TPS, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Bao g\u1ed3m: Heijunka (B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a), KAIZEN, Stanardized Work (c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a). Trong \u0111\u00f3, KAZEN ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho LEAN, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/b>.<\/p>\n

                  Toyota cho bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, Toyota m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                  7. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Toyota \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota<\/strong><\/b><\/h4>\n

                  H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cKanban\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cJidoka\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00fang l\u00fac \u1edf Toyota.<\/p>\n

                  Kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Toyota v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc xe Toyota \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Toyota tr\u1edf l\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Toyota b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, \u00edt ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

                  Cho t\u1edbi nay, sau g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Toyota v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng top nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u01b0\u1ee3t xa Ford, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xe ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u kho c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/b><\/h1>\n

                  Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kinh ph\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho trong kho ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u2018di chuy\u1ec3n\u2019 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u2018\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean\u2019. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                  R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Toyota hay vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Lean Manufacturing \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft, \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Manufacturing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,230],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5493"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5493"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5493\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}