{"id":5499,"date":"2023-11-29T11:37:35","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T11:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5499"},"modified":"2023-11-29T15:47:34","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T15:47:34","slug":"ap-dung-phuong-phap-san-xuat-tinh-gon-lean-tai-cac-doanh-nghiep-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ap-dung-phuong-phap-san-xuat-tinh-gon-lean-tai-cac-doanh-nghiep-viet-nam.html","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean) t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn LEAN<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 b\u1edfi Womack v\u00e0 Jones trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch\u00a0<em>\u201cThe Machine That Changed The World\u201d<\/em>\u00a0khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Toyota v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TPS (<em>Toyota Production System)<\/em>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay,\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng (Phan Ch\u00ed Anh, 2015). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o&#8230;, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Khi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u1ebfn 90% v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 50% (Womack &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2003).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam,\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Minh &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2014). Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng) hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Wilson, 2010). N\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Womack &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 1990). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y,\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu linh ho\u1ea1t (Drew &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed, giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u201c<strong>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 LEAN<\/strong>\u201d v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"c008\" title=\"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN\" src=\"https:\/\/baoanjsc.com.vn\/Images\/Upload\/Giang.PTSP\/lean.manufacturing.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh 1: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0<\/em><em>J. Liker, 2006<\/em><em>;\u00a0<\/em><em>Womack &amp; Jones, 2003<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 5S, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan, duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (TPM), c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u00a0<em>(<\/em><strong>Kaizen<\/strong><em>)<\/em>. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>5S v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em>\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ng\u0103nn\u1eafp, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 5S gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan<\/strong>\u00a0<em>(<\/em><strong>Visual Management \u2013 VM<\/strong><em>)<\/em>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a VM gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (Total Productive Maintenance \u2013 TPM):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. TPM th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, lau ch\u00f9i, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n TPM gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n do s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed (Muda) v\u00e0 Kaizen:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang\u00a0<em>(<\/em><strong>Kaizen<\/strong><em>)<\/em>. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 7 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0g\u1ed3m: (1) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eeba, (2) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho, (3) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, (4) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed thao t\u00e1c, (5) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed gia c\u00f4ng, (6) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 (7) L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed sai h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (Standardized Work \u2013 SW):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea5y trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thao t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea3ng Yamazumi \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea\u00a0<em>(Statistical Process Control)<\/em>\u00a0hay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<em>(Job Instruction)<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0<em>(Just In Time \u2013 J.I.T)<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Dennis, 2015). J.I.T kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay s\u1edbm h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed (Womack &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2003). Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n J.I.T trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eeba (Achanga, 2007). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c J.I.T, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00f3a, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean J.I.T \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (Value Stream Mapping \u2013 VSM):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho trong c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n (Rother &amp; Shook, 2003). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng VSM gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, t\u1ed3n kho.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (Leveling\/Heijunka):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi n\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau. Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap san \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 san \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (Ohno, 1988).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh (Single Minute Exchange of Die \u2013 SMED):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthay khu\u00f4n trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u00fat. B\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian thay \u0111\u1ed5i, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n SMED gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed do ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i (Wilson, 2010).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Nh\u1ecbp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Takt time):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Takt time cho bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e2u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (xem c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (*)). D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Takt time, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sao cho th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Takt time. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo Takt time gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo Takt time ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Dennis, 2015).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Takt time = Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \/ s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (Cell Layout):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4 nh\u1ecf sao cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Cell Layout gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nhau trong Cell (Dennis, 2015).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Kanban:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n J.I.T nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kanban gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eeba, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho (Ohno, 1988).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (One piece flow):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cl\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cone piece flow\u201d gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u kho. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 10% th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u (Santos &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"c008\" title=\"S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p\" src=\"https:\/\/baoanjsc.com.vn\/Images\/Upload\/Giang.PTSP\/ly_thuyet_san_xuat_full.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t LEAN cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng minh\u00a0<em>(Jidoka)<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (Dennis, 2015). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Jidoka nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Jidoka c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sai h\u1ecfng (Liker, 2004). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Jidoka gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Jidoka l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i\u00a0<em>(Poka-Yoke)<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0<em>(Andon)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i (Poka-Yoke):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n khi l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i. Shingo (1989) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Poka-Yoke. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Poka-Yoke nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100% c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi (Dennis, 2015).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"line1point5\"><strong><em>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Andon:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cb\u1ea3ng Andon\u201d nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng Andon gi\u00fap c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00ean Andon \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh ch\u00f3ng (Santos &amp; c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i,\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a LEAN. Trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m (y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span class=\"line1point5\">2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">S\u00e1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a LEAN g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(1) Quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(2) Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(3) N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(4) Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(5) V\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">(6) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"c008\" title=\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" src=\"https:\/\/baoanjsc.com.vn\/Images\/Upload\/Giang.PTSP\/doanh.nghiep.viet.jpg\" alt=\"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em>, v\u1ec1\u00a0<strong>quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 97,7% trong s\u1ed1 401.000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (\u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ecb H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2016). C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (chi\u1ebfm 96,5% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p). C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba (Th\u00e1i An, 2015). Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 52% doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu trong khi ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10% doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2015 th\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ee9c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 70%. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng andon) c\u1ee7a\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t (\u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ecb H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2016). \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cao nh\u01b0 Toyota. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN<\/strong>. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>\u00a0trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a cao. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea  th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 19% s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 80% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khi cho ph\u00e9p g\u1ecdi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/em>,\u00a0<strong>v\u0103n h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Li\u1ec5u &amp; Nguy\u1ec5n V\u00e2n H\u00e0 (2008) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m: (1) Cung c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0103n nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, th\u00f3i quen t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, (2) T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, t\u01b0 duy ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, (3) Thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, (4) N\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7, d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm, (5) Nh\u1eb9 ch\u1eef t\u00edn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a LEAN th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam mang nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a LEAN. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c LEAN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\"><em>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/em>, tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c J.I.T v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t\u00a0<strong>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong>\u00a0\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed cao, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, r\u1ee7i ro cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<strong>T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhau hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a cao. M\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n J.I.T tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<strong>LEAN\u00a0<\/strong>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 trong B\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"__reading_mode_table_and_collapse_button_container\">\n<div id=\"__reading_mode_collapsed_container_0\" class=\"__reading_mode_table_collapsed_class\">\n<table class=\"__reading_mode_data_table_class\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. 97% doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>. Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu tr\u00ean 10 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>. 70% doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i LEAN th\u1ea5p<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. Tr\u00ean 80% l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n LEAN kh\u00f4ng cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u0103n h\u00f3a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u1ea5p<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>. Chu\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div><button class=\"c011 c0114 __reading_mode_collapse_button\"><\/button><button class=\"c011 c0114 __reading_mode_collapse_button\"><span class=\"c017\">Show more<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"c019 c0111\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>B\u1ea3ng 1:<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"line1point5\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng LEAN n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn LEAN Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0LEAN\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 b\u1edfi Womack v\u00e0 Jones trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch\u00a0\u201cThe Machine That Changed The World\u201d\u00a0khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Toyota v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TPS (Toyota Production System)\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,230],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5499"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5499"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5499\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}