{"id":5627,"date":"2023-11-29T10:17:15","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T10:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=5627"},"modified":"2023-11-30T05:45:43","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T05:45:43","slug":"kinh-nghiem-xu-ly-no-xau-cua-mot-nuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kinh-nghiem-xu-ly-no-xau-cua-mot-nuoc.html","title":{"rendered":"Kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (AMC) ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u00a0nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Indonesia, Malaysia\u2026 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c AMC\u00a0v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ho\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh\u00a0ph\u1ee7\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cgia t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0v\u1ed1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cl\u01b0u\u00a0kho\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\u00a0gia\u00a0t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p\u00a0d\u1ee5ng\u00a0trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c\u00a0ng\u00e2n\u00a0h\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho\u00a0m\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9\u00a0ch\u00eanh\u00a0l\u1ec7ch\u00a0l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n vay t\u0103ng l\u00ean, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0r\u1ee7i\u00a0ro\u00a0t\u00edn\u00a0d\u1ee5ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0g\u1eedi\u00a0ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i vay. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i\u00a0quy\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri\u1ec7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u kho c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong\u00a0b\u1ed1i\u00a0c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u00a0mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7\u00a0th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0M\u1ee5c\u00a0ti\u00eau\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0thanh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0t\u00e0i\u00a0s\u1ea3n\u00a0n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng\u00a0y\u1ebfu\u00a0k\u00e9m\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1i\u00a0c\u01a1\u00a0c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ng\u00e2n\u00a0h\u00e0ng c\u00f3\u00a0ti\u1ec1m\u00a0n\u0103ng\u00a0sinh\u00a0l\u00e3i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AMC ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c AMC t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: (i) M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1eabn nhau. N\u1ebfu ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u00ean vay n\u1ee3, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian; (ii) X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao; (iii) M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m che d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung: C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t AMC ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u. V\u1ec1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u. AMC t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n h\u00f3a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00e2n\u00a0h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cao trong tri\u1ec3n khai thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i vay. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a AMC c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i\u00a0s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh\u00a0tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: C\u01a1 quan thanh l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 quan thanh l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nhanh\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u01a1 quan thanh l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n cao nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n h\u00f3a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n… Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u01a1 quan thanh\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch mua v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c (P&A)1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 quan t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 thanh l\u00fd nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n.\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho AMC v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi2<\/a>. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m: B\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m… C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch nh\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m\u00a0t\u1ef7\u00a0l\u1ec7 c\u0103n h\u1ed9 tr\u1ed1ng. Sau khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1998, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (BoK) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 thu\u1ed9c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KDB), chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng ty Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KAMCO) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p mua b\u00e1n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. KAMCO do ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd: B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 Kinh t\u1ebf (\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 42,8% v\u1ed1n), KDB (28,6%) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c (28,6%). KAMCO c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Qu\u1ef9 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u (NPA) v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Qu\u1ef9 NPA \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 21,6 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 won, bao g\u1ed3m: 20,5 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 won t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, 500 t\u1ef7 won vay t\u1eeb KDB v\u00e0 600 t\u1ef7 won t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu NPA ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11\/1997 – 12\/1999.<\/p>\n

KAMCO mua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1997 – 2003, KAMCO \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 110,1 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 won, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 46,8% tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3. Nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 17,7% trong n\u0103m 1998 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 14,9%, 10,4%, 5,6% v\u00e0 3,9% v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 1999, 2000, 2001 v\u00e0 2002. Trong n\u0103m 2014, KAMCO \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 won n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n,\u00a0H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi \u0111\u01b0a KAMCO v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh giao d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Indonesia<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, Indonesia c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u chi\u1ebfm\u00a0kho\u1ea3ng 50% t\u1ed5ng n\u1ee3. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, Indonesia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp AMC \u0111\u1ec3 thu mua n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 01\/1998, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Indonesia quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u01a1 quan t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (IBRA) v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 5 n\u0103m. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a IBRA l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IBRA c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00f3. IBRA c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (NHTM) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

IBRA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c\u00a0kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ean 250 ngh\u00ecn doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Indonesia. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1n ra, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, IBRA \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n ra c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ee3. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u00e1n n\u1ee3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 mong mu\u1ed1n, IBRA \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 70% t\u1ed5ng n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 9\/1998, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Indonesia \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c 4 NHTM qu\u1ed1c doanh (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Exim, BDN, BBD v\u00e0 Bapindo) h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t NHTM m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bank Mandiri. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a 4 NHTM qu\u1ed1c doanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi IBRA. Vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u tr\u00ean v\u1ed1n hay tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m x\u00e9t tr\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebf to\u00e1n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng sau s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2008, Indonesia \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (FSN), ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 4 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: (1) \u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an to\u00e0n; (2) Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; (3) B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1; (4) X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u00a0trong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u1edf Indonesia, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 7 n\u0103m sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12\/2016, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Indonesia \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2,93% t\u1ed5ng n\u1ee3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 184,3 t\u1ef7 rupiah (16,4 tri\u1ec7u USD)3<\/a>. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Indonesia cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean vay n\u1ee3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i n\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 t\u1eadp trung s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1ch cho vay ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi cho vay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1999 – 2003, tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 4\u00a0AMC tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c 4 NHTM nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c AMC huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng qua 4 ngu\u1ed3n: V\u1ed1n t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (BoC), ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu do B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 vay th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 4 AMC bao g\u1ed3m: B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5p 10 t\u1ef7 NDT, BoC c\u1ea5p 500 t\u1ef7 NDT v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh 800 t\u1ef7 NDT tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c AMC s\u1ebd mua l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a DNNN g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c cho c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c NHTM qu\u1ed1c doanh, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c AMC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng sang AMC theo gi\u00e1 danh ngh\u0129a; trong s\u1ed1 1,4 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 NDT n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 400 t\u1ef7 NDT l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ee3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn thu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1; chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 cho th\u1ea5y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c AMC v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c doanh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (AMC) ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196,233],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5627"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5627\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}