{"id":6186,"date":"2023-11-29T23:39:12","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T23:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=6186"},"modified":"2023-11-29T20:54:48","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T20:54:48","slug":"7-nguyen-nhan-dan-den-bai-cua-du","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/7-nguyen-nhan-dan-den-bai-cua-du.html","title":{"rendered":"7 Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m 1994, Standish Group (www.standishgroup.com) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 83% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 17% th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 2004, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 66% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 34% d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n

\n

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1!<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2006, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 M\u1ef9 (NASA) khi xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong 7 sai l\u1ea7m nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 1: Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho sai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 sai v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 lao v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, vv d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ea7n xao l\u00e3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nhau. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 2: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (Stakeholders)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cv\u1edf k\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u201cdi\u1ec5n vi\u00ean\u201d, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Stephen Haines, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u00a0\u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tham gia c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng vang, v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sai ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Remer, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Claremont Consulting Group, \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Qui lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cchi ph\u00ed s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/b>\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 $10.000, th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t $100.000 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t $1.000.000 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sai l\u1ea7m 4: Kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u1edbt l\u1eddnh\u1eefngy\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro<\/b>\u00a0 v\u00e0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/b>\u00a0ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u danh ng\u00f4n:\u00a0B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 5: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u0103ng say v\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3ctinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i<\/b>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 6: Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Scope creep)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t\u00a0<\/b>\u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m 7: Ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/h4>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u201cm\u1ed1c\u201d n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: \u201ct\u00f4i qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d!<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u00eac gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m 1994, Standish Group (www.standishgroup.com) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 83% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 17% th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6186"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6186\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}