{"id":6219,"date":"2023-11-30T03:14:17","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T03:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=6219"},"modified":"2023-12-21T13:18:06","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T06:18:06","slug":"10-chi-quan-ly-du-cho-chu-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/10-chi-quan-ly-du-cho-chu-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho.html","title":{"rendered":"10 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Actual Start Date)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Earned Value)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n = T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \/ ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

3. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u00f3m\/ c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ( Productivity \u00a0team\/ Individual)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ea1y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ROI.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t = \u0110\u1ea7u ra \/ \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00e9o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Trong Sales \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u00a0doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

4. Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Actual Cost)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PAC) = T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp + T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai chi ph\u00ed (Cost Variance)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n hay th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai chi ph\u00ed d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1eb1m trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, chi ph\u00ed k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t. N\u00f3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai chi ph\u00ed = Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u2013 Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

6. Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bcho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Planned Cost for the Project)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch = T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch + T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

7. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Project Schedule Variance)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vinacase chia s\u1ebb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n = Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u2013 Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

8. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh (Schedule Forecast)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian<\/p>\n

Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (ETC). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

9. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (Critical Path)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CP) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u1ec9 ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ng\u00e0y giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

10. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed (Cost Performance Index)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed = Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \/ Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Actual Start Date) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. H\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6219"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6219"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6219\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}