{"id":6222,"date":"2023-11-30T02:37:31","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T02:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=6222"},"modified":"2023-12-21T13:18:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T06:18:07","slug":"tim-hieu-cau-truc-va-hoat-dong-cua-phong-trong-cac-cong-ty-chuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tim-hieu-cau-truc-va-hoat-dong-cua-phong-trong-cac-cong-ty-chuc.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng IT trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 IT \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IT h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Vi_tri_cua_bo_phan_IT_trong_cac_cong_ty\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c mua s\u1eafm c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5)<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \/ ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p)<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \/ b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng (t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng quay l\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i kinh doanh (t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 doanh thu c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\/ trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, do \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0<strong>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cao, n\u00eau chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong>\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo khi ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT l\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 s\u1edf H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng tin (Information Technology Infrastructure Library \u2013 ITIL).<\/p>\n<p>ITIL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng CNTT nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ITIL framework th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 CNTT v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c CNTT, ITIL framework cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Cac_cau_truc_ly_tuong_cua_bo_phan_IT\">C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd CNTT, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec CNTT, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng \/ h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt CNTT, v.v. .<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00f2ng ban CNTT ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: t\u1eadp trung (centralized structure) v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung (decentralized structure):<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Cau_truc_tap_trung\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung t\u00e2m, sao cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m CNTT duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \/ quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd CNTT kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan li\u00eau, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng khi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Cau_truc_phi_tap_trung\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT phi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CNTT quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m CNTT c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con \/ m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban \/ \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh doanh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; n\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh h\u01a1n (\u00edt \u0111\u00e1nh nhau h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p (\u201ch\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a\u201d d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i); qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c CNTT t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eadp trung, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung). C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban \/ \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Vai_tro_va_chuc_nang_cua_phong_IT\">Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng IT<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kinh doanh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh CNTT ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Bo_phan_Dich_vu_va_Ho_tro\">B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ed7 ph\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Service Desk) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 CNTT. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Service Desk t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sinh, bao g\u1ed3m cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, Service Desk s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean qua th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Quan_tri_CNTT_Quan_ly_chuong_trinhdu_an_Quan_ly_Nha_cung_cap_kiem_soat_ngan_sachtai_chinh\">Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CNTT: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\/d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch\/t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0\u00a0<strong>l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong>. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CNTT (IT Governance) c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u00a0<strong>qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \/ d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (program\/project management), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0 (vendor management) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh CNTT (IT financial analysts)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Kien_truc_doanh_nghiep\">Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise Architecture -EA),\u00a0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. EA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Quan_tri_mang_va_he_thong\">Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p (bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng LAN \/ WAN, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp Internet). C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp).<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 web c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef web cho trang web c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty), vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p (li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Internet c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Quan_ly_ung_dung_bao_gom_phat_trien_phan_mem\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application management) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (software development), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Development Life Cycle \u2013 SDLC) c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CNTT (\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Bao_mat_thong_tin\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an ninh m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e9t, ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt\u00a0 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, qu\u00e9t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n \/ m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang t\u01b0, v.v.) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ty theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Su_phu_thuoc_lan_nhau_giua_Cong_nghe_va_to_chuc_IT\">S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c IT<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng CNTT Doanh nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi DBA v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef web (v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) v\u00e0 \u00edt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, v\u1edbi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u01a1n K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef web. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhanh do ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef web l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c DBA. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (Incident and Problem Management) c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Cac_xu_huong_anh_huong_den_bo_phan_CNTT\">C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn CNTT<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn IT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m(Software-defined infrastructure):<\/strong>\u00a0\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c API do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m SDC (Software Defined Compute t\u1ee9c M\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea2o h\u00f3a), SDN (Software Defined Networking t\u1ee9c M\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), SDWAN, SDS (Software-Defined Storage t\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m), SDDC, v.v. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (Infrastructure as code)<\/strong>:\u00a0 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0YAML), thay v\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp tin m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, v.v. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 DevSecOps.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (Cloud computing)<\/strong>: Nh\u00f3m chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, th\u01b0\u1eddng qua Internet. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng quy m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y trong khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kinh doanh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT.\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m SaaS, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Serverless computing), PaaS &amp; IaaS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DevSecOps ho\u1eb7c DevOps (Nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m):\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Dev) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (Ops) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (Sec). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a\u00a0DevOps\u00a0l\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DevOps l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 IT \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IT h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6222"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6222\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}