{"id":63879,"date":"2023-12-22T11:06:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/technical-debt-no-ky-thuat-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:06:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:06:41","slug":"technical-debt-no-ky-thuat-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/technical-debt-no-ky-thuat-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Technical debt (N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (delivery) h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nhanh h\u01a1n (l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft) thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cn\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi Ward Cunningham, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 17 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong Agile l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Agile cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh. Trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i,\u00a0s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean th\u0103m b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng\u00a0th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong v\u00f2ng 15 ph\u00fat. Th\u1eddi gian 15 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn cho\u00a0b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong ph\u00f2ng n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd “gi\u1ea5u”\u00a0h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p n\u00f3 sau. \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c trong t\u1ee7” l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u00a0l\u00e0 15 ph\u00fat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra li\u1ec7u kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng hay \u0111ang trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn team c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong>:\u00a0C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u00edt\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • C\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi team\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Definittion of Done – \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh?\u00a0Ai ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m?…\u00a0Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u00a0s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian cho nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c chung, n\u01a1i m\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, do ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra\u00a0c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ra\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chia s\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Masterskills.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0wrike.com<\/span><\/p>\n

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    Xem th\u00eam<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n

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    B\u00ed k\u00edp thi \u0111\u1eadu PMI-ACP\u00ae<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, do ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f4i khi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra\u00a0c\u00e1c giao ph\u1ea9m\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ra\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63879"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63879\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}