{"id":6459,"date":"2023-11-29T23:13:29","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T23:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=6459"},"modified":"2023-12-21T13:18:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T06:18:32","slug":"pdca-la-gi-phuong-phap-cai-tien-lien-tuc-va-tinh-gon-doanh-nghiep-ban-co-ap-dung-ngay-hom-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/pdca-la-gi-phuong-phap-cai-tien-lien-tuc-va-tinh-gon-doanh-nghiep-ban-co-ap-dung-ngay-hom-nay.html","title":{"rendered":"PDCA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tinh g\u1ecdn doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay h\u00f4m nay"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n kinh doanh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Khi xem x\u00e9t l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1eabu. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ed quy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d, v\u1eady PDCA l\u00e0 g\u00ec, lo\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PDCA v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0m r\u00f5.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. PDCA \u2013 Chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 4 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Plan: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Do: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Check: Ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Act: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"h-1-1-ngu\u1ed3n-g\u1ed1c-c\u1ee7a-pdca\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a PDCA<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 PDSA (*),\u00a0<em>\u201cV\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming\u201d<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0<em>\u201cChu tr\u00ecnh Shewhart\u201d<\/em>, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PDCA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u2013 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\u00a0<em>William Edwards Deming<\/em>. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Deming \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>(*) Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>PDSA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Plan-Do-Study-Act v\u1edbi \u201c<em>Study<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft PDCA, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a PDSA l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a PDCA l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-1-2-khi-nao-nen-s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng-chu-trinh-pdca\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA ?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec3n khai PDCA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ho\u00e1 sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh\/ d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong kinh doanh<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn\/ sai s\u00f3t trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code has-medium-font-size\"><\/pre>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"h-1-3-phan-bi\u1ec7t-pdca-va-dmaic\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t PDCA v\u00e0 DMAIC<\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, PDCA kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn duy nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PDCA v\u00e0 DMAIC, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn do hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-1-4-tr\u01b0\u1edbc-tien-dmaic-la-gi\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.4. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, DMAIC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 PDCA, DMAIC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u00a0v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Define: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a DMAIC l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Measure: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung chung v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyze: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c k\u00e9o theo c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Improve: C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Control: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/strong>C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>DMAIC l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Six Sigma. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a nghe qua, Six Sigma (6 Sigma, hay 6\u03c3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i (khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-1-5-v\u1eady-dmaic-hay-pdca-cai-nao-t\u1ed1t-h\u01a1n\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.5. V\u1eady DMAIC hay PDCA, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PDCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn (Lean Manufacturing) n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PDCA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai s\u00f3t trong kh\u00e2u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c,\u00a0<strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Six Sigma, DMAIC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng DMAIC \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Tri\u1ec3n khai PDCA nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 PDCA. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-2-1-plan-phan-tich-b\u1ea3n-ch\u1ea5t-chi-ti\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-ho\u1ea1ch\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. PLAN \u2013 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t &amp; Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai PDCA. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 con theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn? Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u2026<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:\u00a0<\/strong>B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3? \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 g\u1eafn ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ec3m tra (Check).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:\u00a0<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1?<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:\u00a0<\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n cho l\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"h-s\u01a1-d\u1ed3-tri\u1ec3n-khai-plan-trong-pdca\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai PLAN trong PDCA<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/figure>\n<p>L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ec7t may X v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi doanh thu ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng may \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 100% doanh thu trong , h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch PDCA nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/figure>\n<h4 id=\"h-l\u01b0u-y\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<strong>x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c KPI c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/strong>\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u201ct\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 100% doanh thu\u201d, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty X ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o doanh thu h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n<p>(Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi) Doanh thu l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i\u00a0h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng doanh thu. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f4ng ty X \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp KPI c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 100% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi\u201d. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra,\u00a0<strong>vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c KPI\u00a0c\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng khi quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb KPI cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<h3 id=\"h-2-2-do-ch\u1ea1y-th\u1eed-nghi\u1ec7m-tieu-chu\u1ea9n-hoa\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. DO \u2013\u00a0 Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m &amp; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ho\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"h-l\u01b0u-y-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/h4>\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n m\u1edbi li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y\u00a0<strong>ch\u1ea1y\u00a0th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf<\/strong>. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\/ s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean,\u00a0<strong>quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u00a0h\u00f3a<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u00a0th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eafm r\u00f5\u00a0vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-2-3-check-duy-tri-quan-sat-hi\u1ec7u-\u1ee9ng-hawthorne\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. CHECK \u2013 Duy tr\u00ec quan s\u00e1t &amp; Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua nh\u1ea5t trong chu tr\u00ecnh\u00a0PDCA. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<strong>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<em>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne<\/em>\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i\u00a0<em>Hawthorne Works<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0<em>Western Electric<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y minh ho\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:\u00a0<strong>khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh g\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"h-2-4-act-phan-lo\u1ea1i-k\u1ebft-qu\u1ea3-ra-quy\u1ebft-d\u1ecbnh\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4. ACT \u2013 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 &amp; Ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc Check, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t:<\/strong>\u00a0b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng hay d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i PDCA v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh\/ s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3) c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh\u00a0chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t:<\/strong>\u00a0h\u00e3y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u00fac m\u1eebng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i,\u00a0nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p PDCA, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo. H\u00e3y x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ecdn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i\u00a0mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u) v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh PDCA m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n kinh doanh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Khi xem x\u00e9t l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,222],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6459"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6459\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}