{"id":7978,"date":"2023-11-30T01:25:28","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T01:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=7978"},"modified":"2023-12-21T14:09:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T07:09:00","slug":"mps-mrp-va-bom-3-yeu-quan-trong-trong-hoach-dinh-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mps-mrp-va-bom-3-yeu-quan-trong-trong-hoach-dinh-san.html","title":{"rendered":"MPS, MRP V\u00c0 BOM: 3 Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 QUAN TR\u1eccNG TRONG HO\u1ea0CH \u0110\u1ecaNH S\u1ea2N"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00e0n, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, stocks-out s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn doanh thu c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: MPS, MRP, BOM.\u00a0Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Bill of Material (BOM).<\/p>\n

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1. MPS – MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULING<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022 L\u1eadp l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. MPS ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MPS nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. MPS kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. MPS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

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\u2022\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ERP t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, MPS th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng, tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed. MPS c\u0169ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, quy tr\u00ecnh MRP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. MPS c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u2022\u00a0C\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch MPS th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh th\u1eddi v\u1ee5, khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb MPS bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1o h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed3n kho mong mu\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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MPS l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. MPS n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) \u2013 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un bao g\u1ed3m: Accounts Payable (AP), Accounts Receivable (AR), General Ledger (GL), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Inventory, Purchasing, Lot Tracking and Human Resources (HR),\u2026 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a MPS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u trong khi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed;
\n\u2022\u00a0Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ee7i ro;
\n\u2022\u00a0C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t;
\n\u2022\u00a0Cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y giao h\u00e0ng;
\n\u2022\u00a0Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n;
\n\u2022\u00a0Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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2.MRP – MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS PLANNING<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022 Materials Requirements Planning \u2013 MRP (L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. MRP v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Make-To-Stock (MTS). MRP c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng Make-To-Order (MTO) khi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0MPR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n
\u2022\u00a0MRP qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong khi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kho v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p.<\/div>\n
\u2022\u00a0MRP cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong kho. MRP g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra.<\/div>\n
\u2022\u00a0MRP x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong kho h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00a0L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1ecbch giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mua h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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MRP c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch duy nh\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh cung \u1ee9ng mua v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u1ed3n kho t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng MRP cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0So s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n;
\n\u2022\u00a0C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c;
\n\u2022\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian;
\n\u2022\u00a0V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, MRP t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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3.\u00a0 BOM – BILL OF MATERIALS<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022 \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (Bill of Material, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 BOM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ee5 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p trung gian, ti\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1ee1 h\u1eefu cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t BOM), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t BOM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong MRP. D\u01b0\u1edbi MRP, BOM \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khung s\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u00fap to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Planning ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0M\u1ed9t BOM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (Engineer Bill of Materials), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (sales bill of materials), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (manufacturing bill of materials) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (service bill of materials). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i BOM kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, BOM c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201d \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cBOM\u201d) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u00ea ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t BOM ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o BOM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (CM) ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 do c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n & b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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BOM \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t BOM ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2022\u00a0BOM \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cQuy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u201d ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u201cdanh s\u00e1ch mua s\u1eafm\u201d n\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh thu mua nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. L\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn purchasing ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng theo nh\u01b0 BOM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Khi s\u1ee1 h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t BOM ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t do \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t BOM r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn R&D c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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T\u1ea0M K\u1ebeT<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, MRP s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MPS c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi BOM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u1ea3 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng stock-out c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef & s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00e0n, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, stocks-out s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ed7i cung […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196,231],"tags":[399,400],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7978"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7978\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}