{"id":8184,"date":"2023-11-29T12:09:56","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T12:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khu-vuc-piigs-la-gi-piigs-va-tac-dong-kinh-te-len-eu.html"},"modified":"2023-12-21T14:11:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T07:11:57","slug":"khu-vuc-piigs-la-gi-piigs-va-tac-dong-kinh-te-len-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khu-vuc-piigs-la-gi-piigs-va-tac-dong-kinh-te-len-eu.html","title":{"rendered":"Khu v\u1ef1c PIIGS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? PIIGS v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean EU"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Youtube<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

PIIGS\u00a0<\/font><\/span><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

PIIGS<\/b> l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha (Portugal), \u00dd (Italy), Ireland, Hy L\u1ea1p (Greece) v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha (Spain), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh to\u00e1n tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ebd v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef PIIGS<\/font><\/h3>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1edf M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2008, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng euro. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2000, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu trong khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 PIIGS, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n vay d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2008 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 vay. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n b\u1ed5 sung c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng euro l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, n\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2008 g\u00e2y ra. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng EU s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t g\u00f3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 750 t\u1ec9 euro \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf PIIGS.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean l\u00f3ng n\u00e0y (nghe gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb Pig ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con l\u1ee3n trong ti\u1ebfng Anh) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u00e9m nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, \u00dd, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha (PIGS). Ireland \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng “tham gia” nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008, khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia PIGS.<\/p>\n

PIIGS v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean EU<\/font><\/h3>\n

Theo Eurostat, c\u01a1 quan th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m l\u00e0 v\u00e0o . Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia PIIGS \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008 do l\u00e0m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ea5p, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao l\u1eabn m\u1ee9c n\u1ee3 cao trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, GDP c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 4,5%, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 6,5% v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 27,6% so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u . T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf EU l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 21,4% v\u00e0 24,6% – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cu\u1ed1i , nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 14,3% v\u00e0 18,4% v\u00e0o n\u0103m , theo Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1ec9\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee3 tr\u00ean GDP c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 79,2% v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 92% trong n\u0103m 2014. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c 85,1%.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a EU?<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia PIIGS \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung euro. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kinh t\u1ebf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tan v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o EU \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t (peer review) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch chi ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean EU.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23\/6\/2016, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi EU (BREXIT), \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn do c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a EU li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng thu\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng euro.<\/p>\n

Trong khi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng euro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BREXIT \u0111\u01b0a ra, th\u00ec th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, \u00dd, Ireland, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00ed nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n PIIGS l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha (Portugal), \u00dd (Italy), Ireland, Hy L\u1ea1p (Greece) v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha (Spain), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8184\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}