{"id":9305,"date":"2023-11-30T06:08:24","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T06:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-pert-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-ve-so-do-pert.html"},"modified":"2023-12-21T18:20:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T11:20:07","slug":"so-do-pert-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-ve-so-do-pert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-pert-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-ve-so-do-pert.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT"},"content":{"rendered":"
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S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

PERT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

“PERT” l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Program Evaluation and Review Technique” trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.” PERT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Trong PERT, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (network) ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 PERT \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. PERT th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ba th\u1eddi gian \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PERT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft,… Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi PERT, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i ra, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u cung \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ebd l\u00e0 cung \u0111i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

3. Th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung.<\/p>\n

>> Tham kh\u1ea3o: C\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1ch v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi PERT trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi PERT trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau:<\/p>\n

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  • Th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea1c quan:<\/strong>\u00a0L\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1eddi gian bi quan:<\/strong>\u00a0L\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>\u00a0\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng \u0111i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng \u0111i qua l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 khi l\u1eadp PERT<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, chi ph\u00ed,…) cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u01afu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

      \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      – S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT cho bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      – Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      – N\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      – N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh h\u01a1n do m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

      – C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      – Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi PERT l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

      – Khi t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

      – S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf x\u1ea3y ra khi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

      – Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0o trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      – S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf,…<\/p>\n

      \n

      S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 GANTT v\u00e0 PERT<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt v\u00e0 PERT \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      So s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 PERT<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 GANTT<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      D\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      H\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Ph\u00e1t minh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Henry L.Gantt<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      T\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      L\u01b0u \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \n

      C\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 PERT v\u00e0 Gantt \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u1ea3 2 d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. PERT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9305"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}