{"id":9449,"date":"2023-11-29T16:11:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T16:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-tac-tai-khoa-fiscal-rules-la-gi-phan-loai.html"},"modified":"2023-12-21T18:27:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T11:27:53","slug":"qui-tac-tai-khoa-fiscal-rules-la-gi-phan-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-tac-tai-khoa-fiscal-rules-la-gi-phan-loai.html","title":{"rendered":"Qui t\u1eafc t\u00e0i kho\u00e1 (Fiscal rules) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: bruegel)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qui t\u1eafc t\u00e0i kho\u00e1<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui t\u1eafc t\u00e0i kho\u00e1 <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Fiscal rules.<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u0303a r\u1ecd\u0302ng qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a <\/b>la\u0300 ca\u0301c co\u031b ch\u00ea\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ch\u00ea\u0301 nh\u0103\u0300m ki\u00ea\u0300m ch\u00ea\u0301 ti\u0301nh tu\u0300y nghi cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch ta\u0300i kho\u0301a.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

Vi\u1eb9\u0302c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a pha\u0309i ti\u0301nh t\u01a1\u0301i ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh th\u00ea\u0309 ch\u00ea\u0301 qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh co\u0302ng va\u0300 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c lie\u0302n quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n

No\u0301i ca\u0301ch kha\u0301c, ca\u0301c ca\u0309i ca\u0301ch qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh co\u0302ng phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u1eb9\u0302n cho vi\u1eb9\u0302c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 t\u00f4\u0301t ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a. Co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 no\u0301i m\u1ecd\u0302t ca\u0301ch ng\u0103\u0301n go\u0323n la\u0300 ca\u0301c khi\u0301a ca\u0323nh qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh co\u0302ng va\u0300 thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i b\u00f4\u0309 tr\u01a1\u0323 l\u00e2\u0303n nhau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u1eb9\u0302n du\u031b\u01a1\u0301i nhi\u00ea\u0300u hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c kha\u0301c nhau. Trong \u0111o\u0301, co\u0301 m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m kha\u0301c bi\u1eb9\u0302t quan tro\u0323ng gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c<\/b> xa\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh ca\u0301c thu\u1ecd\u0302c ti\u0301nh va\u0300 tu\u031bo\u031bng ta\u0301c gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c be\u0302n tham gia va\u0300o qui tri\u0300nh nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch v\u01a1\u0301i mu\u0323c tie\u0302u ta\u0306ng cu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ti\u0301nh minh ba\u0323ch, tra\u0301ch nhi\u1eb9\u0302m gia\u0309i tri\u0300nh va\u0300 hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 cu\u0309a qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i kho\u0301a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323, theo ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y, chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ye\u0302u c\u00e2\u0300u pha\u0309i tuye\u0302n b\u00f4\u0301 va\u0300 cam k\u00ea\u0301t th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n m\u1ecd\u0302t chi\u00ea\u0301n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323c chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch ta\u0300i kho\u0301a trong khoa\u0309ng th\u01a1\u0300i gian nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301o ca\u0301o va\u0300 co\u0302ng b\u00f4\u0301 ca\u0301c k\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 ta\u0300i kho\u0301a \u0111i\u0323nh k\u00ec.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1\u0306t kha\u0301c, ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u la\u0300 ca\u0301c cam k\u00ea\u0301t la\u0302u da\u0300i nh\u0103\u0300m \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c mu\u0323c tie\u0302u \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300 ra cho m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 s\u00f4\u0301 li\u1eb9\u0302u nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch t\u00f4\u0309ng th\u00ea\u0309 chi\u0301nh.<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eafc hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300 co\u0302ng cu\u0323 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 na\u0302ng cao co\u0302ng ta\u0301c qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i kho\u0301a. Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 giu\u0301p qui tri\u0300nh nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch mang ti\u0301nh “th\u01b0\u0301 b\u1ea1\u0302c” ho\u031bn b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch trao quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cho nh\u01b0\u0303ng chu\u0309 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch ta\u0300i kho\u0301a \u0111u\u0301ng \u0111\u0103\u0301n; la\u0300m ro\u0303 nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m y\u00ea\u0301u ke\u0301m trong khuo\u0302n kh\u00f4\u0309 ta\u0300i kho\u0301a; va\u0300 ta\u0306ng cu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ti\u0301nh tra\u0301ch nhi\u1eb9\u0302m gia\u0309i tri\u0300nh \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u01a0\u0309 kha\u0302u d\u01b0\u0323 toa\u0301n nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch, ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c “mang ti\u0301nh th\u01b0\u0301 b\u1ea1\u0302c” la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c trao nhi\u00ea\u0300u quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cho b\u1ecd\u0302 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh ho\u031bn la\u0300 ca\u0301c b\u1ecd\u0302 chi tie\u0302u; \u01a1\u0309 kha\u0302u phe\u0302 chu\u00e2\u0309n, chu\u0301ng ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u chi\u0309nh qui mo\u0302 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 xu\u00e2\u0301t nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch cu\u0309a co\u031b quan l\u1ea1\u0302p pha\u0301p; va\u0300 \u01a1\u0309 kha\u0302u ch\u00e2\u0301p ha\u0300nh, chu\u0301ng ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0300n s\u01b0\u0309a \u0111\u00f4\u0309i nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch \u0111a\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c tho\u0302ng qua cu\u0309a co\u031b quan l\u1ea1\u0302p pha\u0301p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do \u0111o\u0301, be\u0302n ca\u0323nh vi\u1eb9\u0302c na\u0302ng cao kha\u0309 na\u0306ng qua\u0309n tri\u0323 va\u0300 ti\u0301nh minh ba\u0323ch, ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111o\u0301ng m\u1ecd\u0302t vai tro\u0300 quan tro\u0323ng trong vi\u1eb9\u0302c \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng thu\u1ea1\u0302n v\u00ea\u0300 ca\u0301c ca\u0309i ca\u0301ch ta\u0300i kho\u0301a.<\/p>\n

– Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c ta\u0300i kho\u0301a \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c chia tha\u0300nh b\u00f4\u0301n nho\u0301m chi\u0301nh:<\/b><\/p>\n

+ Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c v\u00ea\u0300 ca\u0301n ca\u0302n nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch<\/b><\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c a\u0301p du\u0323ng cho ca\u0301n ca\u0302n ta\u0300i kho\u0301a kho\u0302ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u chi\u0309nh ho\u1ea1\u0306c ca\u0301n ca\u0302n (co\u031b c\u00e2\u0301u) \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u chi\u0309nh theo chu k\u00ec.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chu\u0301ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c xa\u0301c \u0111i\u0323nh cho ca\u0301n ca\u0302n t\u00f4\u0309ng th\u00ea\u0309 (bao g\u00f4\u0300m t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ca\u0301c khoa\u0309n thu va\u0300 chi tie\u0302u ta\u0300i kho\u0301a), ca\u0301n ca\u0302n nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch co\u031b ba\u0309n (kho\u0302ng bao g\u00f4\u0300m chi tra\u0309 la\u0303i) ho\u1ea1\u0306c ca\u0301n ca\u0302n va\u0303ng lai (kho\u0302ng bao g\u00f4\u0300m chi \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tu\u031b, \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c go\u0323i la\u0300 ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c va\u0300ng).<\/p>\n

+ Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c v\u00ea\u0300 n\u01a1\u0323 hay ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c bu\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0301p<\/b><\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c v\u00ea\u0300 n\u01a1\u0323 tho\u0302ng thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c qui \u0111i\u0323nh nhu\u031b la\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n tr\u00e2\u0300n h\u1eb9\u0302 s\u00f4\u0301 n\u01a1\u0323 tre\u0302n GDP, th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u1eb9\u0302n du\u031b\u01a1\u0301i da\u0323ng s\u00f4\u0301 t\u00f4\u0309ng ho\u1ea1\u0306c s\u00f4\u0301 ro\u0300ng. Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y cu\u0303ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u1ea1\u0306t ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n v\u00ea\u0300 vay mu\u031b\u01a1\u0323n, vi\u0301 du\u0323 nhu\u031b trong v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng pha\u0301t ha\u0300nh tra\u0301i phi\u00ea\u0301u b\u0103\u0300ng ngoa\u0323i t\u1eb9\u0302.<\/p>\n

+ Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c chi tie\u0302u<\/b><\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y \u0111i\u0323nh m\u01b0\u0301c gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n tr\u00e2\u0300n cho t\u00f4\u0309ng chi tie\u0302u co\u0302ng ho\u1ea1\u0306c m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 ha\u0323ng mu\u0323c chi co\u0302ng cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309. Chu\u0301ng thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c a\u0301p \u0111\u1ea1\u0306t cho m\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302, ti\u0309 l\u1eb9\u0302 ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng ho\u1ea1\u0306c ti\u0309 l\u1eb9\u0302 ph\u00e2\u0300n tra\u0306m GDP.<\/p>\n

+ Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c thu<\/b><\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c qui t\u1eaf<\/span>c na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c du\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u0111i\u0323nh m\u01b0\u0301c gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n tr\u00e2\u0300n nh\u0103\u0300m tra\u0301nh hi\u1eb9\u0302n tu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ga\u0301nh n\u1ea1\u0306ng thu\u00ea\u0301 kho\u0301a qua\u0301 m\u01b0\u0301c ho\u1ea1\u0306c gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n sa\u0300n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 khuy\u00ea\u0301n khi\u0301ch thu.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: K\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng theo qui t\u1eafc t\u00e0i kho\u00e1, Trung t\u00e2m B\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u D\u00e2n c\u1eed)<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng qui t\u1eafc t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Fiscal rules) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh t\u00f9y nghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9449\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}